• Acute renal failure (diuretic user) -> prerenal
• Acute renal failure (not diuretic user) -> prerenal or acute GN
• DM (Type I or II) -> Type I DM
• Fetal monitoring (internal) -> metabolic acidosis
• Hematuria (gross or microscopic) -> bladder CA (any)
• Hematuria (gross or microscopic) -> bladder CA (excluding TaG1)
• Hematuria (microscopic) -> cause of bleeding
• Micro or gross hematuria -> renal cell CA or upper tract CA
• Nephrolithiasis -> primary hyperparathyroidism
• Peritonsillar abscess suspected -> peritonsillar abscess
• Polycystic kidney disease suspected (autosomal dominant family) -> ADPKD
• Pre-eclampsia suspected (pregnant) -> proteinuria (> 300 mg/24 h)
• Renal artery stenosis -> improved renal function
• Renal cell cancer -> degree of extension/invasion
• Renal lithiasis suspected (child) -> renal lithiasis
• Renal lithiasis suspected -> renal lithiasis
• Screening (any) -> renal disease
• Urinary symptoms -> pyelonephritis
• UTI (infant) -> vesicoureteral reflux (any)
• UTI (infant) -> vesicoureteral reflux (Grade III-V)
• UTI (men) -> urinary abnormality
• UTI suspected (adult) -> UTI
• UTI suspected (child in primary care) -> UTI
• UTI suspected (child) -> UTI
• VUR suspected -> vesicoureteral reflux